Cajamarca is the capital of the Cajamarca region of Peru. It is an ancient city, with roots dating back three thousand years, making it a fascinating travel destination for lovers of history, culture, and art.
Before the colonialist era, before the Inca era, and even before the Chavín peoples, Cajamarca was inhabited by the Huacaloma, Layzón, Cumbe Mayo y Otuzco peoples.
Cajamarca lies approximately 150 mi. (241 km) south of Ecuador and 75 mi. (121 km) east of the Pacific Coast in the highlands of northern Peru. It is surrounded by fertile lands in a valley bordered by the Andes mountains.
Just 9 mi. (14 km) to the north of Cajamarca lies the second largest gold mine in the world, the Yanacocha mine. This open pit mine, which is run by the Denver, Colorado based Newmont Mining Corporation, has caused controversy in the region as a result of contamination of the water and air.
Trivia & Quick Points
Facts & Information
Remnants of the ancient history of Cajamarca can be seen in petroglyphs, ancient aqueducts, and other stone carvings in Cajamarca and beyond. These civilizations date back three thousand years and include the Huacaloma, Layzón, Cumbe Mayo y Otuzco peoples.
Around 1450, Cápac Yupanqui, the brother of Pachacútec, conquered Cajamarca and annexed it to the Inca Empire.
In 1532, Francisco Pizarro led Spanish Conquistadors in the battle that ended the Inca Empire. Atahualpa, the Incan leader, expected to meet Pizarro and his men peacefully in the Plaza de Armas in Cajamarca. He left most of his army of tens of thousands outside the city and entered the city with an entourage of men carrying only knives or small axes.
Pizarro’s small army hid in buildings in the plaza, which had been vacated prior to Atahualpa’s arrival. Friar Vincente de Valverde, approached Atahualpa, gave him a bible, and demanded his acceptance of Catholicism. Atahualpa dropped the bible on the ground.
Pizarro then led his men into the plaza, shooting at Atahualpa’s entourage. Atahualpa was captured and imprisoned. Atahualpa offered a ransom of gold and silver in exchange for his freedom. Pizarro accepted the gold and silver, but reneged on the agreement, killing Atahualpa. With Atahualpa dead, Pizarro led his men south to Cuzco to conquer the Inca Empire.
In Cajamaraca, the Spaniards redeveloped the city. An Inca temple adjacent to the Plaza de Armas was converted into a Catholic church dedicated to St. Francis. In the 17th and 18th centuries, additional churches and cathedrals were built. The most significant are the Cathedral of Cajamarca, the Church of Belén, the Recoleta Church, and the Chapel of the Virgen de los Dolores.
Culture
Archaelogists have uncovered traces of the pre-Incan cultures throughout the Cajamarca region. These include the necropolis of Otuzco, known as the Ventanillas (small windows) of Otuzco, where tombs were dug in a hillside; enclosures with stone hearths, which were used for religious rituals; petroglyphs and aqueducts at Cumbe Mayo.
Remnants of the Inca culture can be seen in the Inca baths, located just a few miles to the northeast of Cajamarca. These baths were hot springs that the Inca built into a bathing complex.
The building in which Atahualpa offered the ransom of gold and silver to Pizarro and the Spanish conquistadors remains in Cajamarca and is known as the Cuarto del Rescate (Ransom Room).
Modern day Cajamarca is known for its colorful Carnaval celebration held in the three weeks prior to Lent. The Carnaval is celebrated with music, food and drinks, parades with floats and people in vibrant costumes,and the water and paint games, in which festival goers throw water at a procession of painted people.
Travel & Tourism
Cajamarca is surrounded by sites of archeological significance from the Inca Empire and cultures pre-dating the Incas. It also boasts stone cathedrals with an architecture distinct from other cities of Peru.
Getting There & Away
Where To Stay
Information on where to stay in Cajamarca is coming soon…
Getting Around
Many city sites can be visited on foot. Other ways to get around Cajamarca and surrounding areas include taxis, microbuses, and mototaxis (three wheel motorcycles).